Dr. Sci. Tsuneo Ishida¹ and Reiko Kobayashi²

1(Former) Teikyo University, Aerospace Engineering Department, Prof. Retired, Own’s Home Researcher; 2-3-6, Saido, Midori-Ku, Saitama-Shi, Saitama-Ken, 〒336-0907, Japan.

2Chemistry Teacher MC. Reiko Kobayashi; Kumagaya Woman High School Anti-Bacterial Metal-Sulfates and Nitrates Halo-Test Research Group, 2-131, Suehiro-Chou, Kumagaya-Shi, Saitama-Ken, 〒360-0031, Japan.

Corresponding author: Dr. Sci. Tsuneo Ishida, Teikyo University, Aerospace Engineering Department, Prof. Retired, Own’s Home Researcher; 2-3-6, Saido, Midori-Ku, Saitama-Shi, Saitama-Ken, 〒336-0907, Japan.

Citation: Dr. Sci. Tsuneo Ishida and Reiko Kobayashi (2025). Bacteriolytic Clearance for Zinc Sulfate Induced Peptidoglycan Cell Wall Destruction on Autolytic Cleavage, Hydrolysis and Degradation against S. Aureus. Euro J Case Rep Clin Imag. 2025; Nov, e11,1-8.

Copyrights © 2025, Dr. Sci. Tsuneo Ishida., et al., This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial-4.0-International-License-[CCBY-NC] [https://europeanjournalofcasereports.com/blogpage/copyright-policy]. Usage and distribution for commercial purposes require written permission. Nursing, Nagpur, India

Abstract:

Bacterial peptidoglycan (PGN) cell wall clearance on autolysin cleavage, hydrolysis, and degradation by zinc sulfide solution has been investigated on the ground of the results obtained from halo antibacterial susceptibility tests in metal sulfate solutions against Staphylococcus Epidermidis, in which the order of antibacterial effect in the metal sulfate solutions is Zn2+＞Cu2+＞Ag+＞Al3+ and the highest antibacterial activity is found to be the zinc sulfate (ZnSO4) solution with a strong acid or strong electrolyte.

PGN autolytic cleavage by zinc-containing autolysin amidase: AmiE, Rv3717, AmiA: Zn2+ ions in ZnSO4 solution can cleave bacterial PGN murein chains that as PGN cleavage by Staphylococcal amidase autolysin, zinc dependent metalloenzyme AmiE is efficient as prevention of the pathogen growth. The other, Zn2+ binding AMIDASE Rv3717 showed no activity on polymerized PGN and however, it is induced to a potential role of N-Acetylmuramyl L-alanine Amidase. PGN cleavage by zinc-binding autolysin Staphylococcus aureus Amidase is involved that AmiA shed light on PGN binding and cleavage.

PGN hydrolysis by zinc-containing enzymes: PGN murein hydrolase activity is involved that PGN hydrolysis by Zn2+-containing catalysis is consistent in peptidoglycan recognition proteins (PGRPs), PGN murein hydrolase activity and generalized autolysis. Amidase MurA, LytA amidase, the major murein hydrolase of S. pneumoniae are considered an important virulence facto that A glycylglycine endopeptidase LytM and LytB of enzymatically active domain of autolysin are necessary for its optimal activity toward peptidoglycan hydrolysis and for pneumococcal adhesion to respiratory epithelial cells.

PGN degradation by inhibitive PGN elongation: Zinc ions-induced PGN inhibitive elongation occurs due to inhibitory TG enzyme and activated autolysin against S aureus. Inhibition of PGN elongation due to the activated Zn2+ binding Rv3717 autolysins showed no activity on polymerized PGN and but, it is induced to a potential role of N-Acetylmuramyl L-alanine Amidase. Thus, zinc(Ⅱ) inhibits PGN biosynthesis, activates PGN autolysin, and inhibits PGN elongation against S. aureus cell wall, in which zinc induced PGN autolytic cleavage and hydrolysis by activated autolysins, respectively, of AmiE, Rv3717 and PGRPs, MurA, LytA, LytM-endopeptidase, hydrolase LytB can be promoted, and then causing PGN autolysin cleavage, hydrolysis, degrading, and leading PGN bactericidal dissolution.

Keywords: Zinc(Ⅱ), Halo-test, Zinc sulfate, PGN autolysin and elongation, S. aureus PGN cleavage, hydrolysis, and degradation.

Abbreviation: CV=Carvacrol, CMC=chitosan metal complex, COVID-19=coronavirus disease of 2019, Eps=endopeptidase, ICU=intensive care unit, PGN=peptidoglycan, PGRPs=peptidoglycan recognition proteins, PTEN=403 amino acids, LYS1=Lysozyme1, MIC=minimum inhibitory concentration, MBC=minimum bactericidal concentration, PRRs=pattern recognition receptor, TG=Transglycosylase, TP=Transpeptidase.